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Coupling (computer programming)
In software engineering, coupling is the manner and degree of interdependence between software modules; a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are;〔ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2010 Systems and software engineering — Vocabulary〕 the strength of the relationships between modules.〔ISO/IEC TR 19759:2005, Software Engineering — Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK)〕
Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion. Low coupling often correlates with high cohesion, and vice versa. Low coupling is often a sign of a well-structured computer system and a good design, and when combined with high cohesion, supports the general goals of high readability and maintainability.
==History==
The software quality metrics of coupling and cohesion were invented by Larry Constantine in the late 1960s as part of Structured Design, based on characteristics of “good” programming practices that reduced maintenance and modification costs. Structured Design, including cohesion and coupling, were published in the article and the book , and the latter subsequently became standard terms.
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